Editorial independence

Commercial disclosure

A commercial relationship does not purchase our recommendation.

Organic mentions

Independent editorial mentions follow our criteria. A direct source or vendor link does not by itself mean a paid relationship.

Affiliate links

When a verified affiliate route is used, we disclose the potential commission and qualify the link as sponsored. Commissions do not determine inclusion, order or verdict.

Paid inclusions

A relevant paid addition is labelled at the module as “Paid inclusion” or “Sponsored”. It must satisfy the same factual and editorial-fit checks. We do not sell independent ranking positions or positive conclusions.

Sponsored features

The sponsor is named above the article and the relationship is explained. Paid links are qualified. Sponsored content is never relabelled as an independent review.

Vendor-provided assets or access

We declare supplied assets or access separately. Asset provenance and rights are recorded. Access does not prove testing, and a screenshot is not evidence of our own use.

These states can coexist; we identify each applicable relationship. No affiliate programmes or paid placements are enrolled in this initial foundation.